The Automata / Automaton Blog:
Hero (or Heron) of Alexandria (c. 10-70 AD) was a prolific inventor and mathematician and is one of the first known creators of automata in the history of Western civilization. His original works were destroyed in the fire that consumed the ancient library in Alexandria, but some of his work survived by way of copies that were made in Arabic. Here is his work on Pneumatics, which included a working steam engine — an invention that was perhaps several thousand years ahead of its time.
The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria
Google Books: The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria (full text)
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